The Global Photonics Packaging Market
報告摘要
Photonics packaging has entered a period of structural transformation with few parallels in the recent history of the semiconductor industry. What was once a specialised, largely bespoke activity confined to the manufacturing back end of optical transceiver production has become a strategic industrial priority — one that sits at the intersection of artificial intelligence infrastructure, advanced semiconductor packaging, next-generation display technology, and quantum computing hardware. This evolution is not incremental. It represents a fundamental redefinition of what photonics packaging is, what it is worth, and who in the supply chain captures that value.
For most of its commercial history, photonics packaging was anchored in optical transceivers for datacentre and telecommunications networks. The supply chain that emerged to serve this market was concentrated, efficient, and oriented around throughput and cost reduction. Companies such as Fabrinet, Jabil, and Luxshare dominated module assembly; foundries like TSMC and GlobalFoundries supplied the photonic integrated circuits; laser houses such as Coherent and Lumentum provided the III-V light sources. The result was a mature, well-optimised ecosystem well-suited to the requirements of pluggable transceiver manufacturing — but one whose architecture is now being disrupted at every level simultaneously.
The primary disruptive force is the explosive growth of generative artificial intelligence. Training and running large language models at the scale demanded by leading technology companies requires computing clusters of tens to hundreds of thousands of accelerators operating in tightly coupled parallel. The aggregate bandwidth these clusters require is extraordinary, and it cannot be delivered by conventional pluggable optical transceiver architectures within acceptable power budgets. The electrical path between a switch ASIC and a front-panel transceiver cage — involving PCB traces, connectors, and SerDes circuitry — consumes a growing and increasingly untenable fraction of total system power as signal speeds increase. Co-Packaged Optics solves this by collapsing that electrical path from centimetres to millimetres, placing the optical engine directly on the same package substrate as the switch or compute chip. The result is a dramatic reduction in power per bit and a corresponding increase in achievable bandwidth density. This transition is not a future aspiration — first commercial CPO switch deployments occurred in 2026, and GPU-level optical interconnects are following closely behind.
The second major growth vector is augmented reality. The commercialisation of MicroLED display technology — combining gallium nitride light-emitting arrays at microscale pixel pitches with CMOS backplane integration — is creating a new and entirely distinct photonics packaging market. Achieving the brightness, resolution, and power efficiency required for mainstream consumer AR glasses demands mass transfer of millions of individual MicroLED dies onto CMOS backplanes at unprecedented precision and yield. This is a packaging challenge of a different character from datacom — characterised by display physics and consumer electronics form factors rather than network bandwidth — but one that requires equally demanding photonic integration expertise.
Beyond these two dominant growth engines, photonics packaging is expanding across FMCW LiDAR for automotive sensing, quantum computing hardware platforms, medical imaging, and defence sensing. Each application brings its own demanding packaging requirements: coherent detection stability across automotive temperature ranges for LiDAR; sub-0.01 dB coupling loss per interface for quantum photonics; radiation-hardened hermetic packages for aerospace. Together, these applications are converting photonics packaging from a single-segment market into a diversified, multi-application industry with structural growth characteristics.
Underpinning all of these trends is a technological transition of comparable importance to the shift from through-hole to surface-mount assembly in conventional electronics: the move from module-level assembly toward wafer-level heterogeneous integration. Foundries, advanced OSATs, and photonics design companies are converging on platforms — 2.5D silicon and glass interposers, fan-out wafer-level packaging, hybrid bonding — that enable photonic and electronic chiplets to be co-integrated at the wafer scale using lithographically defined alignment rather than active mechanical servo control. This transition raises the packaging content value per unit, compresses alignment tolerances, and moves the locus of competitive advantage upstream from module assembly houses toward foundries and design-driven packaging platforms.
Standardisation is the critical variable that will determine how quickly these transitions reach production scale. Process Design Kits, Assembly Design Kits, CPO fibre interface standards, and common electrical interface specifications between switch ASICs and optical engines are all in active development — but none is yet mature. The pace at which industry consortia including the Optical Internetworking Forum, the Co-Packaged Optics Alliance, and SEMI can establish and promote these standards will materially influence the trajectory of the market across the forecast decade.
The Global Photonics Packaging Market 2026–2036 is the first dedicated market research report to define, quantify, and forecast photonics packaging as a standalone global market across a ten-year horizon. The report is based on primary interviews with over 80 industry stakeholders — including foundries, advanced OSATs, PIC designers, module assemblers, equipment vendors, hyperscalers, and quantum hardware developers — combined with a bottom-up modelling approach that builds market size estimates from unit volumes, packaging content values, and technology mix assumptions at the individual application and product level.
The report defines photonics packaging as the complete set of materials, processes, equipment, and intellectual property involved in assembling photonic integrated circuits and optical components into functional modules and systems. This encompasses module-level assembly, hybrid and heterogeneous integration of photonic and electronic dies, wafer-level packaging, fiber-to-chip coupling, and precision alignment processes. It explicitly excludes the intrinsic fabrication cost of photonic or electronic chips themselves, focusing on the packaging value added across the supply chain.
Six application segments are covered in full: optical transceivers for datacom and telecom; co-packaged optics for AI datacentre switches and GPU interconnects; augmented reality display engines; automotive FMCW LiDAR; quantum computing and quantum networking; and other applications including medical imaging, defence, and industrial sensing. Each segment receives dedicated technology analysis, supply chain mapping, competitive landscape assessment, and a quantitative ten-year forecast with annual granularity from 2026 to 2036.
The technology coverage spans the complete spectrum of photonics packaging approaches currently in production or development — from conventional wire bond and flip-chip module assembly through fan-out wafer-level packaging, 2.5D silicon and glass interposer integration, 3D micro-bump stacking, Cu-Cu hybrid bonding, and ultimately monolithic photonic-electronic integration. The report provides comparative benchmarks of all major platforms, traces the evolution of fiber-to-chip coupling from V-groove arrays to photonic wire bonding and detachable CPO connectors, and maps the progression of EIC/PIC integration from 2D through to SoIC hybrid bonding. Technology roadmaps are provided for the full forecast period.
Co-Packaged Optics receives a dedicated chapter of particular depth, covering the definition and architecture of optical engines, a detailed comparison with pluggable optics, the AI datacentre network hierarchy and switch ASIC bandwidth scaling trajectory, the divergent CPO ecosystem strategies of NVIDIA and Broadcom, the three CPO packaging structure types, and a comprehensive suite of quantitative forecasts covering GPU optical I/O units and revenue, CPO network switch units and revenue, total CPO market overview, technology mix by integration architecture, and a generation-by-generation scale-out network system roadmap through 2036.
The ecosystem and supply chain analysis maps ten value chain segments from raw wafer to end-customer system deployment, with revenue and margin profiles for each. Regional analysis covers Taiwan, North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. The competitive landscape chapter addresses market share by player and segment, M&A and partnership activity from 2023 to 2026, vertical integration trends, and a strategic outlook through 2036. The report includes 71 data tables, 35 figures, and detailed profiles of 69 companies across the full photonics packaging value chain.
Report Contents include
Chapter 1: Executive Summary — key findings, market definition and scope, drivers and restraints, market size and growth, strategic implications by stakeholder type
Chapter 2: Market Context and Background — historical evolution, AI-driven growth catalysts, semiconductor packaging overview, photonics packaging vs conventional semiconductor packaging, standardisation imperative
Chapter 3: Technology Landscape — light source integration approaches, wafer-level packaging, 2.5D and 3D packaging, hybrid bonding, interconnection techniques, fiber-to-chip coupling, EIC/PIC integration, module-level packaging, solutions for quantum, technology roadmap 2026–2036
Chapter 4: Co-Packaged Optics — CPO definition and architecture, optical engine composition, CPO vs pluggable comparison, AI datacenter architecture, NVIDIA vs Broadcom strategies, CPO packaging structures, full market forecasts 2026–2036, challenges matrix
Chapter 5: Application Segments — optical transceivers, AI datacentres, augmented reality, automotive FMCW LiDAR, quantum technologies, medical/defence/industrial
Chapter 6: Ecosystem and Supply Chain — value chain overview and margin profiles, supply chain analysis by segment, regional ecosystem analysis (Taiwan, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific)
Chapter 7: Global Market Forecasts 2026–2036 — total market, segment forecasts, technology mix forecasts, regional forecasts
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape — market share analysis, M&A activity, vertical integration trends, competitive dynamics 2026–2036
Chapter 9: Company Profiles — 79 profiles covering the full value chain
The report profiles 79 companies spanning the complete photonics packaging ecosystem including Aeva, Amkor Technology, Anello Photonics, Ansys, Applied Materials, ASE Group, ASM AMICRA, ASMPT, Aurora Innovation, AyarLabs, Bay Photonics, Broadcom, Cisco, Corning Incorporated, Diamond Photonics, Eoptolink, EV Group, Fabrinet, FEMTOprint, Ficontec, Finetech, FOXCONN, GIS, Goertek, Google, ICON Photonics, IMEC, Innolight, IonQ, izmo Microsystems, Jabil, JBD (Jade Bird Display), LAM Research, Lightmatter and more
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目錄 Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 19
1.1 Report Overview and Key Findings 19
1.2 Market Definition and Scope 21
1.2.1 Definition of Photonics Packaging 21
1.2.2 Boundary Between Photonics Packaging and Broader Semiconductor Packaging 21
1.2.3 Scope: Applications Addressed in This Report 21
1.3 Key Market Drivers and Restraints 22
1.4 Market Size and Growth 23
1.5 Photonics Packaging: From Backend Activity to Strategic Enabler 24
1.6 Photonics Packaging in the AI Era 25
1.7 The Shift to Advanced Packaging: From Module-Level to Wafer-Level Integration 26
1.8 Competitive and Ecosystem Snapshot 27
1.9 Key Conclusions and Strategic Implications 28
2 MARKET CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND 30
2.1 Photonics Packaging: Historical Evolution 30
2.1.1 Origins in Optical Transceivers for Datacom and Telecom 30
2.1.2 The Shift Toward Heterogeneous Integration 30
2.1.3 AI-Driven Bandwidth Demand as a Structural Growth Catalyst 30
2.2 Photonics in the AI Era 32
2.2.1 The Explosive Growth of Generative AI and LLMs 32
2.2.2 Compute Demand Scaling and Network Bottlenecks 33
2.2.3 The Role of Optical Interconnects in AI Infrastructure 34
2.3 Semiconductor Packaging Technology Overview 34
2.3.1 Conventional Packaging Approaches 34
2.3.2 Advanced Packaging Approaches 34
2.3.3 From 1D to 3D Integration: The Packaging Evolution Continuum 35
2.4 Why Photonics Packaging Differs from Conventional Semiconductor Packaging 35
2.5 The Standardization Imperative 36
2.5.1 PDK and ADK-Driven Design Environments 36
2.5.2 Role of Standards Bodies and Industry Consortia 37
2.5.3 Barriers to High-Volume Photonics Packaging Deployment 37
3 TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE 39
3.1 Light Source Integration Technologies 39
3.1.1 Integration Approach Overview 39
3.1.2 Hybrid Integration 42
3.1.3 Heterogeneous Integration 42
3.1.4 Heterogeneously Integrated Light Sources on Silicon Photonics (for Pluggables) 42
3.1.5 MicroLED-on-Si Hybridization 43
3.2 Advanced Packaging Technologies for Photonics 44
3.2.1 Wafer-Level Packaging (WLP) 44
3.2.1.1 Wafer-Level Chip Scale Packaging (WLCSP) 44
3.2.1.2 Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging (FO-WLP) 44
3.2.1.3 WLP Manufacturing Processes 45
3.2.2 2.5D and 3D Packaging 46
3.2.2.1 Silicon Interposer 2.5D (Through-Silicon Via) 46
3.2.2.2 Organic-Based 2.5D Packaging 46
3.2.2.3 Glass-Based 2.5D Packaging 46
3.2.2.4 3D Stacked Packages 46
3.2.3 Hybrid Bonding 47
3.2.3.1 Fusion Bond and Direct Molecular Bonding 47
3.2.3.2 Cu-Cu Bumpless Hybrid Bonding 47
3.2.3.3 Devices Using Hybrid Bonding 48
3.2.4 Photonics-Compatible Advanced Packaging Platform Comparison 48
3.3 Interconnection Techniques in Photonics Packaging 49
3.3.1 Wire Bonding 49
3.3.2 Flip-Chip Bumping 49
3.3.3 Micro-Bumping 50
3.3.4 Through-Silicon Via (TSV) 50
3.3.5 Redistribution Layer (RDL) 50
3.3.6 Photonic Wire Bonding 50
3.4 Fiber-to-Chip Coupling 51
3.4.1 Fiber-to-Chip Coupling Modalities Overview 51
3.4.2 V-Groove Technology: From 260μm to 130μm Pitch 52
3.4.3 Detachable Fiber-to-Chip Couplers 53
3.4.4 Serviceability and Detachability Design Considerations 54
3.4.5 Fiber Array Units (FAUs) and Connectorization 54
3.5 EIC/PIC Integration 55
3.5.1 Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) — Key Concepts 55
3.5.1.1 What are PICs? Material Platforms and Integration Levels 55
3.5.1.2 PICs vs Silicon Photonics — Differences and Overlap 55
3.5.2 Electronic-Photonic Integration Requirements 56
3.5.3 2D EIC/PIC Integration 56
3.5.4 2.5D EIC/PIC Integration 57
3.5.5 3D EIC/PIC Integration 57
3.5.6 3D Optical Engine Configuration Examples 57
3.5.6.1 Configuration 1: EIC-on-PIC with Micro-Bumps 57
3.5.6.2 Configuration 2: PIC-on-EIC with Through-Silicon Vias 57
3.5.6.3 Configuration 3: 3D SoIC with Hybrid Bonding 58
3.5.7 TSMC's Role in Heterogeneous EIC/PIC Integration 58
3.6 Module-Level Packaging 59
3.6.1 Optical Transceiver Module Architecture 59
3.6.2 Typical Process Steps and Major Equipment Suppliers 60
3.6.3 Which Packaging Approach for Which Application? 61
3.6.4 Solutions for Quantum Packaging 61
3.7 Technology Roadmap 63
3.7.1 Long-Term Technology Evolution Roadmap 2026–2036 63
3.7.2 Long-Term Evolution of Co-Packaged Optics 65
4 CO-PACKAGED OPTICS (CPO) 67
4.1 Introduction to Co-Packaged Optics 67
4.1.1 Definition and Core Concepts 67
4.1.1.1 Concept 1: Proximity Integration 67
4.1.1.2 Concept 2: Functional Partitioning 67
4.1.1.3 Concept 3: Coherent Ecosystem Development 67
4.1.2 What is an Optical Engine (OE)? 67
4.1.2.1 Optical Engine Composition and Components 67
4.1.2.2 Optical Engine vs Pluggable Transceiver 68
4.1.2.3 Critical Performance Parameters 68
4.1.3 Key Technology Building Blocks for CPO 69
4.1.3.1 Silicon Photonics PIC 69
4.1.3.2 Electronic IC (EIC) 69
4.1.3.3 External Laser Sources and Optical Power Supply 69
4.2 CPO vs Pluggable Optics 70
4.2.1 Pluggable Optics — Current Status, Bottlenecks and Limitations 70
4.2.1.1 Form Factor Constraints 70
4.2.1.2 Electrical Interface and SerDes Limitations 70
4.2.1.3 Thermal Management Challenges 70
4.2.1.4 On-Board Optics (OBO) as a Transitional Step 70
4.2.2 Power Efficiency Comparison: CPO vs Pluggable vs Copper 71
4.2.3 Design Decisions: Choosing Between CPO and Pluggables 72
4.3 Data Centre Architecture and CPO Applications 72
4.3.1 Modern High-Performance AI Data Centre Architecture 72
4.3.1.1 Physical Infrastructure Hierarchy 72
4.3.1.2 Network Architecture: Scale-Out and Scale-Up 72
4.3.1.3 Power and Cooling Considerations 73
4.3.2 Switches: Key Components in AI Data Centres 73
4.3.2.1 Switch Architecture Evolution 73
4.3.2.2 Switch ASIC Technology and Bandwidth Scaling 73
4.3.3 Scale-Out Network Switching Applications 73
4.3.4 Scale-Up Computing Optical I/O Applications 74
4.3.5 NVIDIA vs Broadcom: Strategic Comparison in AI Infrastructure and CPO 74
4.3.5.1 NVIDIA's CPO Strategy: Vertical Integration 74
4.3.5.2 Broadcom's CPO Strategy: Open Ecosystem 74
4.3.5.3 Competitive Dynamics 74
4.3.6 L2 Frontside Network Architecture: CPO vs Non-CPO 75
4.3.7 Migration from Copper to Optical Interconnects in AI Systems 77
4.4 CPO Packaging Structures 80
4.4.1 Types of CPO + XPU/Switch ASIC Packaging Structures 80
4.4.1.1 Type I: Optical Engines on Package Periphery 80
4.4.1.2 Type II: Optical Engines Co-Located with ASIC on Interposer 80
4.4.1.3 Type III: 3D Stacked Optical Engines 80
4.4.2 System Integration of Network Switches by Packaging Technologies 82
4.4.3 System Integration of Optical I/O by Packaging Technologies 82
4.5 CPO Market Forecasts 2026–2036 84
4.5.1 Server Boards, CPUs and GPUs/Accelerators Shipment Forecast 84
4.5.2 Optical I/O for AI Interconnect CPO Forecast (Units Shipped) 84
4.5.3 Optical I/O for AI Interconnect CPO Forecast (Revenue) 85
4.5.4 CPO Network Switches for AI Accelerators (Units Shipped) 86
4.5.5 CPO Network Switches for AI Accelerators (Market Size) 87
4.5.6 Total CPO Market Overview 88
4.5.7 CPO by EIC/PIC Integration Technology (Unit Shipments) 89
4.5.8 CPO Roadmap: Scale-Out Networks 91
4.6 CPO Challenges and Future Potential 95
4.6.1 Technical Challenges 95
4.6.2 Commercial and Standardization Challenges 95
4.6.3 Future Potential and Outlook 95
5 APPLICATION SEGMENTS 97
5.1 Telecom and Datacom 97
5.1.1 Optical Transceiver Market Overview 97
5.1.2 Photonics Packaging for Optical Transceivers 97
5.1.3 Market Forecast: Optical Transceivers 2026–2036 99
5.1.4 Transition from Pluggable to Co-Packaged: Hybrid Period 2026–2030 100
5.1.5 Supply Chain Concentration and Verticality Trends 103
5.2 AI Data Centres 103
5.2.1 AI Data Centre Photonics Packaging Demand 103
5.2.2 Hyperscaler Capex and Photonics Intensity 103
5.2.3 Current AI System Architecture: NVIDIA DGX/HGX Platforms 104
5.2.4 Future AI Architecture (Short to Mid-Term: 2026–2030) 105
5.2.5 Future AI Architecture (Long-Term: 2031–2036) 105
5.3 Augmented Reality Displays 106
5.3.1 Consumer AR Market Overview and Inflection Point (2026–2028) 106
5.3.2 Display Engine Technologies for AR 106
5.3.2.1 LCoS-Based Optical Engines 106
5.3.2.2 MicroLED-Based Optical Engines 106
5.3.2.3 Laser-Based Architectures and New Coupling Challenges 106
5.3.2.4 LCoS to MicroLED 2026–2036 107
5.3.3 AR Photonics Packaging: Form Factor as Key Differentiator 110
5.3.4 Market Forecast: AR Display Volumes 2026–2036 110
5.3.5 Market Forecast: AR Packaging Revenue 2026–2036 114
5.3.6 Microdisplay Supply Chain: MicroLED Focus 115
5.4 Automotive: FMCW LiDAR 121
5.4.1 FMCW LiDAR Technology and Photonics Packaging Requirements 121
5.4.2 FMCW LiDAR Photonics Integration Challenges 121
5.4.3 Market Forecast: FMCW LiDAR Volume and Packaging Revenue 2026–2036 122
5.5 Quantum Technologies 122
5.5.1 Photonics as the Hidden Bottleneck in Scalable Quantum Technologies 123
5.5.2 Photonics in Quantum Computer Architectures 123
5.5.2.1 Photonic Quantum Computers 123
5.5.2.2 Trapped-Ion Quantum Systems 123
5.5.2.3 Neutral Atom Quantum Systems 123
5.5.3 Photonics Packaging Requirements for Quantum 134
5.5.3.1 Ultra-Low-Loss Fiber Alignment 134
5.5.3.2 High-Density Laser Integration for Qubit Scaling 134
5.5.3.3 Extreme Precision Assembly 134
5.5.4 Quantum Photonics Packaging Solutions and Outlook 135
5.6 Other Application Segments 135
6 ECOSYSTEM AND SUPPLY CHAIN 137
6.1 Photonics Packaging Value Chain Overview 137
6.1.1 Generic Value Chain: From Die to System 137
6.1.2 Value Capture by Chain Segment 145
6.2 Supply Chain Analysis by Segment 146
6.2.1 PIC Design Segment 146
6.2.2 ASIC and xPU Design Segment 146
6.2.3 Laser Sources Segment 146
6.2.4 SOI Wafer and Epi-Wafer Segment 146
6.2.5 EIC, Retimers, SerDes and PHY Segment 147
6.2.6 Connectors and Fibers Segment 147
6.2.7 Foundries Segment 147
6.2.8 Packaging, Assembling and Testing Segment 147
6.2.9 System and Equipment Segment 147
6.2.10 End Customers (Hyperscalers) Segment 148
6.2.11 Ecosystem Interdependencies and Strategic Implications 148
6.3 Regional Ecosystem Analysis 168
6.3.1 The Taiwanese Ecosystem 168
6.3.2 NVIDIA's Ecosystem 171
6.3.3 The European Ecosystem 172
6.3.4 North American Ecosystem 172
6.3.5 Asia-Pacific (Excluding Taiwan) Ecosystem 173
7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECASTS 2026–2036 174
7.1 Overall Market Forecast 174
7.1.1 Total Global Photonics Packaging Market: Revenue ($M) 2026–2036 174
7.1.2 Market Revenue by Application Segment 174
7.1.3 Market Revenue by Packaging Technology 175
7.2 Segment Forecasts 176
7.2.1 Optical Transceivers (Datacom & Telecom) 176
7.2.2 Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) 177
7.2.3 Augmented Reality 178
7.2.4 Automotive LiDAR (FMCW) 179
7.2.5 Quantum Technologies 180
7.2.6 Other Applications (Medical, Defense, Industrial) 181
7.3 Regional Forecasts 182
7.3.1 Regional Analysis 182
8 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 184
8.1 Competitive Environment Overview 184
8.2 2 Market Share Analysis 184
8.3 Positioning and M&A Activity 184
8.4 Vertical Integration Trends 185
8.5 Future Outlook: Competitive Dynamics 2026–2036 185
9 COMPANY PROFILES 187 (79 company profiles)
10 APPENDIX 271
10.1 Definitions & Terminology 271
10.2 Research Methodology 272
11 REFERENCES 274
圖表清單 List of Tables & Figures
List of Tables
Table 1. Photonics Packaging Market at a Glance — Revenue ($M) 2026–2036 20
Table 2. Key Market Metrics and CAGR Summary by Segment 20
Table 3. Application Segments and Packaging Value Chain Boundaries 21
Table 4. Market Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities and Threats (DROT Framework) 22
Table 5. Global Photonics Packaging Market Revenue ($M), 2026–2036 23
Table 6. Market Revenue by Application Segment (%), 2026-2036 23
Table 7. Key Milestones in Photonics Packaging Technology Development 32
Table 8. Semiconductor Packaging Technology Landscape — Conventional to Advanced 35
Table 9. Conventional vs Advanced Packaging — Feature and Performance Comparison 35
Table 10. Key Differences Between Electronic and Photonic Packaging Requirements 36
Table 11. Integration Approach Comparison at a Glance 39
Table 12. WLP Variants — Characteristics, Benefits and Photonics Applications 45
Table 13. 2.5D vs 3D Packaging — Performance, Cost and Complexity Trade-offs 47
Table 14. Fan-Out vs Hybrid Bonding — Photonics-Compatible Platform Comparison 48
Table 15. Photonics-Compatible Advanced Packaging Platform Benchmark 49
Table 16. Interconnection Technique Comparison — Electrical and Optical Performance 50
Table 17. Fiber-to-Chip Coupling Modalities Comparison 51
Table 18. Fiber-to-Chip Coupling Methods — Edge Coupling vs Grating Coupling vs Lensed Fiber 51
Table 19. Coupling Technology Supplier Landscape 55
Table 20. Benchmark of Packaging Technologies for EIC/PIC Integration 57
Table 21. Typical Process Steps and Key Equipment Suppliers for Photonics Packaging 60
Table 22. Integrated Optics for Datacom — Process and Integration Roadmap 60
Table 23. Packaging Technology Selection Matrix by Application Segment 61
Table 24. CPO Key Technology Building Blocks — Specifications and Suppliers 69
Table 25. Transmission Losses in Pluggable vs CPO Connections 70
Table 26. Pluggable Optics vs CPO — Performance, Cost and Operational Comparison 71
Table 27. Power Consumption Breakdown — CPO vs Pluggable Optics vs Copper Interconnects 71
Table 28. Decision Framework — CPO vs Pluggables by Use Case 72
Table 29. Scale-Up vs Scale-Out — Volume Forecast 2026–2036 (Units) 73
Table 30. CPO Product Benchmark — NVIDIA vs Broadcom 74
Table 31. NVIDIA and Broadcom — Divergent CPO Ecosystem Strategies 75
Table 32. Supporting data — Copper vs Optical Benchmark by Parameter 79
Table 33. Copper vs Optical — Benchmark for High-Bandwidth AI Systems 79
Table 34. CPO Packaging Structure Benchmark by Integration Type 81
Table 35. System Integration of Optical I/O by Packaging Technology 2026–2036 83
Table 36. Server Board, CPU and GPU/Accelerator Shipment Forecast 2026–2036 84
Table 37. Optical I/O for AI Interconnect CPO — Units Shipped 2026–2036 84
Table 38. Optical I/O for AI Interconnect CPO — Revenue ($M) 2026–2036 85
Table 39. CPO Network Switches — Units Shipped Forecast 2026–2036 86
Table 40. CPO Network Switches — Revenue ($M) Forecast 2026–2036 87
Table 41. Total CPO Market Revenue ($M) and Units — 2026–2036 Overview 88
Table 42. Total CPO by EIC/PIC Integration Technology — Unit Shipments 2026–2036 89
Table 43. CPO Challenges — Technical and Commercial Assessment Matrix 95
Table 44. Optical Transceiver Market Segmentation 97
Table 45. Photonics Packaging for Optical Transceivers — Revenue Forecast ($M) 2026–2036 99
Table 46. Optical Transceiver Packaging Market Share by Key Players 2026 103
Table 47. AI Data Centre Photonics Packaging Demand by Segment 2026–2036 ($M) 104
Table 48. Display Engine Technology Comparison for AR Applications 109
Table 49. AR Market Forecast — Volume (Units) 2026–2036 110
Table 50. Display Engines for AR — Volume Forecast 2026–2036 112
Table 51. AR Display Engine Packaging Revenue Forecast ($M) by Technology 2026–2036 114
Table 52. FMCW LiDAR Photonics Packaging Revenue Forecast ($M) 2026–2036 122
Table 53. Key Players in FMCW LiDAR Photonics Packaging 122
Table 54. Map of Quantum Companies— By Photonics-Based Approach 125
Table 55. Quantum Technology Photonics Packaging Requirements by Platform 134
Table 56. Quantum Photonics Packaging Solutions Landscape 135
Table 57. Other Application Segments — Market Characteristics and Packaging Requirements 136
Table 58. Value Chain Segment — Revenue and Margin Profile 145
Table 59. Supply Chain Segments — Key Players by Tier 168
Table 60. Global Photonics Packaging Market Revenue ($M) 2026–2036 by Segment 174
Table 61. Photonics Packaging Market Revenue Share by Segment (%), 2026 vs 2036 174
Table 62. Photonics Packaging Market Revenue by Technology ($M) 2026–2036 175
Table 63. OT Packaging Revenue by Sub-Segment ($M) 177
Table 64. CPO Revenue by Sub-Segment ($M) 178
Table 65. AR Packaging Revenue by Technology ($M) 179
Table 66. FMCW LiDAR Packaging Revenue by Application ($M) 180
Table 67. Quantum Photonics Packaging Revenue by Platform ($M) 181
Table 68. Other Applications Packaging Revenue ($M) 182
Table 69. Regional Photonics Packaging Market Forecast ($M) 2026–2036 183
Table 70. Market Share by Key Player and Segment 2026 184
Table 71. Notable M&A and Partnership Activity in Photonics Packaging 2023–2026 184
Table 72. Strategic Outlook — Key Competitive Moves by Player Tier 2026–2036 185
Table 73. Glossary of Key Terms and Abbreviations 271
Table 74. Report Scope — Applications, Technologies and Geographies Covered 272
List of Figures
Figure 1. Photonics Packaging Market at a Glance — Revenue ($M) 2026–2036 20
Figure 2. Market Revenue by Application Segment (%), 2026-2036 24
Figure 3. AI Datacenter Network Hierarchy — Scale-Out and Scale-Up Networks 26
Figure 4. Evolution from Hybrid to Heterogeneous Integration in Photonics Packaging 27
Figure 5. Photonics Packaging Ecosystem Map — Key Players by Value Chain Segment 28
Figure 6. Historical Evolution of Photonics Packaging Architectures 32
Figure 7. Generative AI Compute Demand Scaling vs. Electrical Interconnect Capacity 33
Figure 8. Photonics Packaging Standardization Roadmap 38
Figure 9. Integration Approach Spectrum — Hybrid to Monolithic 41
Figure 10. Heterogeneous Light Source Integration on Silicon Photonics 43
Figure 11. Wafer-Level Packaging Process Flow 45
Figure 12. 2.5D vs 3D Packaging Architecture Comparison 46
Figure 13. Hybrid Bonding Architecture and Process 48
Figure 14. V-Groove Pitch Evolution Roadmap 53
Figure 15. Detachable Fiber-to-Chip Coupler Architecture 54
Figure 16. PIC Architecture — Transmit and Receive Path 56
Figure 17. 3D Optical Engine Configuration Examples 58
Figure 18. Optical Transceiver at the Module Level — 400G Architecture 59
Figure 19. Photonics Packaging Technology Trends Roadmap 2026–2036 64
Figure 20. Long-Term CPO Integration Architecture Evolution 66
Figure 21. Optical Engine Architecture and Transmit/Receive Path 68
Figure 22. CPO vs Non-CPO Network Architecture Diagram 75
Figure 23. Copper-to-Optical Migration Roadmap for High-End AI Systems 79
Figure 24. System Integration of Network Switches by Packaging Technology 2026–2036 82
Figure 25. CPO System Roadmap for Scale-Out Networks 94
Figure 26. Optical Transceiver at the Module Level — Key Components 98
Figure 27. Optical Transceiver Packaging — Module-Level Anatomy 99
Figure 28. Technology Migration Path — Pluggables to CPO Timeline 102
Figure 29. Current and Future AI System Architecture Comparison 105
Figure 30. Consumer AR Technology Roadmap — LCoS to MicroLED 2026–2036 109
Figure 31. Microdisplay Supply Chain Map — MicroLED Focus 120
Figure 32. Progression of FMCW LiDAR — Technology Architecture 121
Figure 33. Photonics in Quantum Computer Architectures — By Technology Platform 124
Figure 34. Photonics Packaging Value Chain Overview 144
Figure 35. Generic Outline of Optical Modules in the Data Centre Value Chain 145
Figure 36. CPO Industrial Ecosystem — Full Supply Chain Map 167
Figure 37. Taiwanese Photonics Packaging Ecosystem 171
Figure 38. NVIDIA's Photonics Packaging Ecosystem 172
Figure 39. Aeries II LiDAR system. 188
Figure 40. NVIDIA's silicon photonics switches. 242
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