Global Needles Market

Needles Market Size And Forecast Needles Market size was valued at USD 8.43 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 15.6 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8% from 2026 to 2032. In the healthcare sector, the Needles Market is defined as the global industry focused on the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of hollow medical instruments designed for the administration of medications, collection of fluid samples, and performance of surgical or diagnostic procedures. This market encompasses a vast array of specialized products, including hypodermic, suture, biopsy, and pen needles, fabricated from materials such as stainless steel and glass. It is a critical sub-segment of the medical device industry, serving as the primary conduit for injectable drug delivery and essential diagnostics in hospitals, clinics, and home healthcare settings. The market is fundamentally driven by the rising prevalence of chronic conditions like diabetes and cancer, which necessitate frequent injections and blood sampling. Modern market dynamics are characterized by a significant shift toward Safety-Engineered Needles, which feature retractable tips or shields to minimize needlestick injuries and the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Geographically, the market is influenced by stringent regulatory standards for sterilization and waste disposal, with North America currently holding the largest revenue share while the Asia-Pacific region exhibits the fastest growth due to expanding healthcare infrastructure and mass vaccination programs. Global Needles Market Drivers The global Needles Market is experiencing a significant surge, with its value projected to grow from approximately $8.56 billion in 2026 to over $12.46 billion by 2032. This robust expansion is fueled by a combination of demographic shifts, a rising global disease burden, and transformative advancements in medical technology. As healthcare systems worldwide prioritize safety, efficiency, and patient-centered care, several primary drivers are fundamentally reshaping the demand landscape for medical needles. Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases: The escalating global burden of chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, remains the most significant long-term driver of the needles market. These conditions often require long-term, frequent administration of injectable therapies, ranging from daily insulin shots for diabetic patients to intravenous chemotherapy for oncology care. In 2026, the rise of metabolic syndromes and autoimmune disorders has further intensified the demand for high-quality, reliable needles. This surge in chronic illness management not only necessitates a high volume of needles for drug administration but also drives the consumption of specialized needles for regular blood sampling and diagnostic monitoring, making chronic disease care a cornerstone of market revenue. Expanding Vaccination and Immunization Programs: Large-scale vaccination campaigns and routine immunization initiatives continue to act as critical catalysts for market growth. Beyond the residual impact of global pandemic responses, there is an intensified focus on adult booster programs and a worldwide push to eradicate preventable diseases like HPV, Hepatitis B, and influenza. These public health efforts require the production and distribution of billions of disposable hypodermic needles annually. Governments and international health organizations are increasingly issuing large-scale tenders for sterile, single-use needles to support these universal immunization protocols, ensuring a steady and predictable demand for manufacturers who can maintain high-volume, compliant supply chains. Growing Aging Population: The demographic shift toward an increasingly geriatric global population is a powerful driver for medical needle consumption. Older adults typically present with higher healthcare requirements, including a greater frequency of vaccinations, diagnostic tests, and treatments for age-related chronic conditions. This demographic is more likely to utilize healthcare services that involve injectable medications and frequent blood work. At VMR, we observe that the aging population in regions like North America and Europe is accelerating the adoption of premium, "comfort-enhanced" needles such as ultra-fine pen needles designed to minimize pain and facilitate easier use for individuals with limited dexterity or sensitive skin. Demand for Safety and Precision in Medical Procedures: In 2026, there is a profound market shift toward Safety-Engineered Needles (SENs), driven by a global emphasis on reducing occupational hazards and needlestick injuries. Healthcare institutions are increasingly adopting needles equipped with integrated safety mechanisms, such as retractable tips or protective shields, to protect medical staff from bloodborne pathogens like HIV and Hepatitis. This trend is further supported by stringent regulatory frameworks, such as the EU AI Act's implications for medical device transparency and federal safety mandates in the United States. The demand for higher precision in specialized procedures including ophthalmic and dental surgeries has also led to the development of ultra-thin, high-gauge needles that offer superior procedural accuracy. Shift Toward Home Healthcare and Self-Injection Therapies: The healthcare industry is witnessing a structural transition from hospital-centric care to home-based management, particularly for chronic diseases. Patients are increasingly empowered to self-administer medications like insulin and biologics (including the surging GLP-1 class for weight management and metabolic health) using user-friendly needle systems. This shift is fueling the growth of the Pen Needles and auto-injector segments. Manufacturers are responding by designing intuitive, ergonomic, and safety-focused needle products that reduce "needle anxiety" and improve patient adherence, allowing for effective treatment outside of traditional clinical environments and reducing the overall burden on the healthcare system. Integration with Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: The convergence of needles with advanced drug delivery formats such as prefilled syringes, wearable injectors, and smart pen systems is creating new avenues for market expansion. These integrated systems offer enhanced convenience, precise dosing, and improved safety, which are critical for the administration of complex biologics and large-volume subcutaneous therapies. In 2026, the integration of digital health features, such as smart caps that track injection timing, is further boosting the adoption of these advanced systems. This synergy between needle technology and pharmaceutical packaging ensures that needles remain an indispensable component of the next generation of patient-centric medical solutions. Increasing Use in Diagnostics and Minimally Invasive Procedures: The expanding scope of diagnostic testing and the rise of minimally invasive surgical techniques are contributing significantly to needle market growth. Beyond routine blood collection, needles are vital for procedures such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies and the administration of local anesthesia during outpatient surgeries. The trend toward point-of-care diagnostics in rural and underserved areas is further driving the need for specialized collection and diagnostic needles. As medical technology moves toward less invasive interventions to improve recovery times and reduce hospital stays, the reliance on high-performance needles for precise targeting and fluid extraction continues to rise across all healthcare sectors. Global Needles Market Restraints While the demand for medical needles continues to rise globally, the Needles Market faces a series of complex hurdles that threaten to impede its growth. In 2026, the industry must navigate a high-stakes environment where environmental impact, economic pressures, and rapid technological shifts create significant friction. Understanding these restraints is crucial for stakeholders aiming to maintain stability in a market projected to reach $12.46 billion by 2032. Environmental and Medical Waste Disposal Concerns: The environmental footprint of the needles market has become a primary restraint as global sustainability mandates intensify. Used needles are classified as hazardous biomedical waste, requiring specialized disposal protocols such as incineration or autoclaving to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens. However, improper disposal particularly in home-care settings where over 7.5 billion needles are used annually leads to soil and water pollution and poses significant community health risks. As of 2026, many healthcare providers are facing increased operational costs due to stricter waste management regulations like the EU Green Deal and similar global initiatives that demand a reduction in single-use plastics. These mounting environmental pressures are forcing manufacturers to invest in biodegradable materials or needle-destruction technologies, which can temporarily strain profit margins. High Cost of Advanced Needles: Economic barriers remain a major deterrent for the widespread adoption of premium needle products. Safety-engineered needles (SENs), while effective at reducing needlestick injuries, can cost up to 35% more than conventional alternatives. In price-sensitive emerging markets and smaller healthcare facilities with constrained budgets, this price gap leads to a significantly lower adoption rate often as much as 42% lower than in large, well-funded urban hospitals. Furthermore, limited reimbursement policies in several regions discourage providers from upgrading to advanced, active, or passive safety systems. This "affordability gap" creates a tiered market where the most advanced, life-saving safety features remain inaccessible to a large portion of the global population, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Stringent Regulatory Requirements and Compliance Burdens: The medical device landscape in 2026 is characterized by increasingly complex and evolving regulatory frameworks. Manufacturers must adhere to rigorous standards, such as the EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the U.S. FDA’s transition to ISO 13485-aligned quality systems, which mandate exhaustive documentation and post-market monitoring. These requirements often result in prolonged approval timelines and increased development costs, acting as a significant barrier to market entry for smaller innovators. In regions like India, the recent risk-based reclassification of hundreds of medical devices has forced a massive pivot in compliance strategies. The heavy administrative and financial burden of maintaining "audit-ready" status across multiple jurisdictions can slow down the launch of next-generation needle technologies. Availability of Alternative Drug Delivery Technologies: The traditional needle market is increasingly challenged by the rise of Needle-Free Drug Delivery (NFDD) systems. Technologies such as jet injectors, transdermal patches, and microneedle arrays are gaining rapid traction, particularly in therapeutic areas like insulin delivery and mass vaccination. These alternatives address the pervasive issue of "needle phobia" and offer enhanced patient comfort, which is a significant driver for the home-care segment. In 2026, the NFDD market is poised for a 10.12% CAGR, siphoning off demand from traditional needle-based applications. As these needle-free systems become more cost-competitive and precise, they present a long-term threat to the market share of conventional hypodermic and subcutaneous needles. Limited Infrastructure in Some Regions: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure remains a persistent bottleneck for market penetration in rural and underdeveloped areas. Many regions across Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America lack the logistics networks necessary for the consistent supply of sterile, high-quality needles. Furthermore, the absence of trained medical personnel who can correctly operate safety-engineered devices often results in high stock-out rates and a reliance on older, less safe technologies. At VMR, we observe that the "urban-rural divide" significantly hampers the adoption of advanced clinical standards. Without robust infrastructure for cold-chain storage and safe disposal, the benefits of modern needle innovations cannot be fully realized in these high-potential but underserved markets. Risk of Needle-Stick Injuries and Safety Concerns: Despite the availability of safety tools, the persistent risk of needle-stick injuries (NSIs) remains a significant operational restraint. It is estimated that nearly 385,000 NSIs occur annually among U.S. healthcare workers alone, contributing to the transmission of infections like HIV and Hepatitis B/C. These incidents lead to massive legal liabilities and insurance costs for healthcare institutions, driving a defensive but expensive shift toward total safety compliance. While this promotes the sale of safety needles, the associated costs of training, monitoring, and liability management create a high-friction environment. The fear of injury also accelerates the search for non-needle alternatives, potentially shrinking the long-term addressable market for traditional sharp devices. Supply Chain and Raw Material Challenges: The manufacturing of needles is highly sensitive to the volatility of raw material prices, particularly for medical-grade stainless steel, polymers, and specialized coatings. In 2026, geopolitical uncertainties and trade barriers have created a "new normal" of supply chain instability, costing the global industry billions annually. Rising energy costs and disruptions in shipping routes such as those seen in the Red Sea have made the procurement of critical materials unpredictable. Manufacturers are increasingly forced to diversify their sourcing and invest in resilient inventory management systems to mitigate these risks. This volatility not only affects production scalability but also leads to fluctuating end-user prices, which can further dampen demand in cost-sensitive segments. Global Needles Market Segmentation Analysis The Global Needles Market is segmented on the basis of Type, Product, Delivery Mode, Material, End User and Geography. Needles Market, By Type Conventional Needles Bevel Needles Blunt Fill Needles Safety Needles Active needles Based on Type, the Needles Market is segmented into Conventional Needles, Bevel Needles, Blunt Fill Needles, Safety Needles, and Active Needles. At VMR, we observe that Conventional Needles (which include Bevel and Blunt Fill varieties) currently maintain a dominant market share of approximately 55% in 2026. This sustained leadership is primarily attributed to their broad accessibility and significant cost-effectiveness, which remain critical in emerging economies across the Asia-Pacific region. Market drivers such as mass immunization programs, rising surgical volumes, and the high demand for disposable medical supplies in developing healthcare systems fuel this dominance. While North America leads in total revenue, the Asia-Pacific territory exhibits a robust CAGR of 7.2%, driven by massive infrastructure expansion and increasing healthcare expenditure in China and India. Industry trends, specifically the move toward high-volume manufacturing and the use of medical-grade stainless steel, support this segment's reach. Key end-users include public hospitals and diagnostic centers that rely on these needles for routine medication delivery and fluid collection. The second most dominant subsegment is Safety Needles, including Active Needles, which is the fastest-growing category with a projected market value of $11.95 billion by 2032. This growth is propelled by stringent occupational safety regulations, such as the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act in the U.S. and similar mandates in Europe, aimed at reducing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. North America currently commands over 42% of the safety segment, supported by advanced clinical protocols and the high adoption of premium-priced active safety mechanisms that require manual shielding. The remaining subsegments, including Bevel Needles for precise dental or ophthalmic procedures and Blunt Fill Needles for safe medication preparation, play vital supporting roles in specialized clinical workflows. These niche applications are seeing increased integration into "Safety-First" protocols within hospital pharmacies to prevent coring and accidental sticks during the drug reconstitution process, marking them as essential components of the modern sterile medical ecosystem. Needles Market, By Product Suture Needles Blood Collection Needles Ophthalmic Needles Dental Needles Insufflation Needles Pen Needles Based on Product, the Needles Market is segmented into Suture Needles, Blood Collection Needles, Ophthalmic Needles, Dental Needles, Insufflation Needles, and Pen Needles. At VMR, we observe that the Pen Needles subsegment currently stands as the dominant force in the market, accounting for an estimated 32% revenue share in 2026. This dominance is primarily catalyzed by the global epidemic of chronic metabolic disorders, with over 530 million adults worldwide living with diabetes requiring frequent insulin administration. Strategic market drivers include the rising consumer preference for self-injection therapies and the surging popularity of GLP-1 agonists for obesity management, which has fundamentally transitioned care from clinical settings to the home. In North America, the demand is particularly acute, supported by high insurance reimbursement rates and a sophisticated patient population, while the Asia-Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth hub with a CAGR of 9.8% due to expanding diagnostic awareness. Current industry trends highlight a significant pivot toward "Connected Pen" technology and ultra-fine, 4mm "painless" needle architectures that improve patient adherence. Key end-users include retail pharmacies and home-care providers who facilitate the high-volume distribution of these disposable essentials. The second most dominant subsegment is Blood Collection Needles, which plays a foundational role in the diagnostic sector, contributing approximately 24% to the overall market revenue. Growth in this area is propelled by the expansion of preventive health screening programs and the increasing volume of complex diagnostic assays for oncology and infectious diseases. Regional strengths are heavily concentrated in Europe and North America, where stringent safety regulations mandate the use of safety-engineered, double-ended needles to prevent needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. Finally, the remaining subsegments, including Suture, Ophthalmic, Dental, and Insufflation Needles, serve critical specialized roles in acute surgical and elective care. Ophthalmic and Dental needles, in particular, are witnessing a premium-price trend as specialists demand ultra-high gauge precision for minimally invasive procedures. While currently representing smaller niche shares, Insufflation Needles are projected to maintain steady growth as robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgeries become the global standard for abdominal interventions. Needles Market, By Delivery Mode Hypodermic Needles Intravenous Needles Intramuscular Needles Based on Delivery Mode, the Needles Market is segmented into Hypodermic Needles, Intravenous Needles, and Intramuscular Needles. At VMR, we observe that the Hypodermic Needles subsegment holds the dominant market position, accounting for an estimated 46% of the revenue share in 2026. This leadership is fundamentally driven by their versatility in facilitating subcutaneous and intradermal injections, which are essential for mass vaccination programs and the global surge in insulin-dependent diabetes management. Regional demand is robust in North America due to a sophisticated healthcare infrastructure and high adoption of self-administration devices, while the Asia-Pacific region is the fastest-growing hub, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.5% fueled by rapid digital banking adoption and expanding healthcare access in rural India and China. Industry trends such as the integration of safety-engineered designs to prevent needlestick injuries and the pivot toward sustainable, medical-grade materials further solidify its dominance. Key end-users include retail pharmacies, hospitals, and home healthcare providers who rely on these needles for routine, high-volume drug delivery and blood specimen collection. The second most dominant subsegment is Intravenous (IV) Needles, which are projected to achieve a market value of approximately $2.6 billion by 2035 with a steady CAGR of 6%. Their role is critical in hospital and emergency settings for the immediate administration of fluids, blood transfusions, and chemotherapy, ensuring rapid systemic absorption. North America and Western Europe remain regional strongholds for IV needles due to high procedural volumes in specialized oncology and nephrology units, with advanced catheter designs and antimicrobial coatings being key technological trends. Finally, the Intramuscular Needles subsegment plays a vital supporting role, primarily utilized for the delivery of antibiotics and various long-acting vaccines. While representing a smaller niche compared to hypodermic and IV modes, these needles are seeing renewed adoption in geriatric care and specialized hormone therapies, ensuring they remain a stable and indispensable component of the diversified medical injection landscape. Needles Market, By Material Stainless Steel Needles Glass Needles Based on Material, the Needles Market is segmented into Stainless Steel Needles and Glass Needles. At VMR, we observe that the Stainless Steel Needles subsegment stands as the dominant force, commanding a significant market share of approximately 74% in 2026. This dominance is primarily driven by the material's exceptional mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and the ability to be manufactured into ultra-fine gauges without losing structural integrity. Market drivers such as the global rise in chronic diseases like diabetes and cancer which necessitate frequent, high-precision injections fuel the demand for these durable instruments. From a regional perspective, North America accounts for the largest revenue contribution due to advanced healthcare facilities and stringent safety regulations favoring high-grade medical alloys, while the Asia-Pacific region is witnessing a rapid CAGR of over 7.5% as emerging economies invest in mass immunization and clinical infrastructure. Industry trends toward "Safety-Engineered Needles" further leverage stainless steel’s compatibility with retractable and shielded mechanisms. Key end-users, including hospitals, diagnostic centers, and the burgeoning home-healthcare sector, rely on stainless steel for its biocompatibility and ease of sterilization. The second most dominant subsegment is Glass Needles, which plays a specialized role in niche medical applications and high-precision laboratory settings. While representing a smaller overall market share, glass needles are experiencing renewed growth drivers within the biotechnology sector, particularly for the delivery of oxygen-sensitive biologics and viscous GLP-1 formulations where drug-container interaction must be minimized. These products are favored in premium prefilled syringe formats in Europe and the U.S. due to their low reactivity and superior visibility for dosage verification. Finally, the market also includes supporting materials like Plastic and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Needles, which serve niche roles in MRI-compatible procedures and cost-effective veterinary applications. While currently representing a minor revenue contribution, these alternative materials are targeted for future potential in specialized diagnostic imaging and low-cost disposable markets where metal interference must be avoided. Needles Market, By End User Hospitals & Clinics Diagnostic Centers Home Healthcare Based on End User, the Needles Market is segmented into Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, and Home Healthcare. At VMR, we observe that the Hospitals & Clinics subsegment stands as the dominant force, commanding a significant market share of approximately 52.7% in 2026. This leadership is primarily driven by the massive volume of inpatient and outpatient procedures, including surgeries, emergency care, and chronic disease management, which necessitate a constant supply of diverse needle types. Key market drivers include the rising global hospitalization rates and strict government regulations regarding infection control, which mandate the use of high-quality, sterile disposable needles. From a regional perspective, North America maintains the highest revenue contribution due to its sophisticated medical infrastructure, while the Asia-Pacific region is experiencing the most rapid expansion in this subsegment, fueled by a surge in new hospital constructions in China and India. Industry trends such as the digitalization of inventory management and the adoption of "Safety-First" protocols are further solidifying this segment's dominance. This sector is the primary end-user for specialized needles, including intravenous, spinal, and biopsy needles, utilized by a broad range of medical practitioners. The second most dominant subsegment is Home Healthcare, which is emerging as the fastest-growing area with a projected CAGR of 8.3% through 2031. This growth is propelled by the shift toward self-administration for chronic conditions like diabetes and the surging demand for GLP-1 weight-loss therapies. Regional strengths are particularly visible in Europe and North America, where aging populations and high healthcare costs are driving a pivot toward decentralized care. This segment currently contributes nearly 25% of the total market revenue, bolstered by the rising adoption of user-friendly pen needles and auto-injectors. Finally, the remaining subsegment, Diagnostic Centers, plays a vital supporting role, accounting for roughly 15–20% of the market share. These centers rely heavily on blood collection and aspiration needles for routine screenings and advanced pathology tests. While smaller in terms of total volume compared to hospitals, they represent a niche for high-precision needle technology, with future potential tied to the expansion of early-stage cancer diagnostics and point-of-care testing hubs globally. Needles Market, By Geography North America Europe Asia-Pacific South America Middle East & Africa The global Needles Market is undergoing a profound transformation as of 2026, driven by a dual-engine of rising chronic disease prevalence and a paradigm shift toward self-administered healthcare. Valued at approximately $10.27 billion in 2026, the market is defined by localized dynamics ranging from stringent safety regulations in the West to aggressive infrastructure expansion in the East. This geographical analysis explores how distinct regional drivers, from the "Autonomous Decision Systems" in the U.S. to the "Smart City" healthcare initiatives in the Middle East, are shaping the global trajectory of needle technology. United States Needles Market The United States remains the largest individual market, commanding a dominant revenue share of over 42% in 2026. At VMR, we observe a definitive shift from traditional needles to Safety-Engineered Devices (SEDs), catalyzed by federal mandates like the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act. The market is currently trending toward On-Premise LLM-integrated inventory management for hospital pharmacies to ensure traceability and reduce waste. A primary growth driver is the explosion of the GLP-1 and insulin pen segments, as nearly 38 million Americans manage diabetes, shifting the demand from clinical settings to user-friendly, ultra-fine needles for home use. Precision and "pain-free" technologies are the leading competitive benchmarks in this high-cost, high-innovation landscape. Europe Needles Market The European market is heavily defined by its stringent regulatory environment, notably the EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the EU AI Act, which influence the manufacturing standards and transparency of medical devices. Significant investment is currently focused on the UK, Germany, and France, where an aging population (25% over the age of 65 by 2040 in some regions) is driving the demand for anesthesia and biopsy needles. A key trend in 2026 is the adoption of Sustainability-Focused Needles, as European institutions lead the global standard for eco-friendly medical waste reduction, favoring biodegradable hubs and recyclable packaging. The rise in regional anesthesia procedures is also fueling a surge in specialized spinal and epidural needle demand. Asia-Pacific Needles Market Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region globally, characterized by a rapid transition toward AI-first digital healthcare ecosystems. Growth is primarily fueled by the "New Generation AI Development Plan" in China and massive digital banking-style healthcare adoption in India. We observe a unique trend here: the high demand for Multilingual and Instruction-Graphic Packaging to cater to diverse linguistic markets in Southeast Asia. The region is expected to witness the highest CAGR (approx. 7.5%) as it moves from traditional glass and stainless-steel needles to mass-produced, high-quality disposable safety needles. Improving economic conditions and rising disposable income are enabling millions of previously unbanked and underserved populations to access routine vaccinations and chronic care treatments. Latin America Needles Market In Latin America, the needles market is closely tied to the modernization of public health infrastructure in nations like Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina. The primary growth driver is the expansion of universal vaccination programs and the rising prevalence of infectious diseases. By 2026, many LATAM healthcare systems have prioritized Cost-Effective Hypodermic Needles for 24/7 diagnostic operations. Current trends highlight a strong focus on Financial Inclusion in Healthcare, where NLP-driven diagnostic tools and affordable needle systems are being used to reach rural populations. Brazil, in particular, has become a hub for the adoption of prefilled syringes and pen needles, driven by a growing middle class and improved access to specialty medications for autoimmune disorders. Middle East & Africa Needles Market The Middle East and Africa (MEA) region is witnessing a strategic transformation, with digital transformation investments in healthcare projected to top $74 billion by 2026. In the Middle East specifically the UAE and Saudi Arabia growth is driven by government-backed "Smart City" initiatives, where sovereign wealth funds are investing heavily in domestic medical device manufacturing. In Africa, the trend is centered on Mobile-First Diagnostic Finance, where specialized needles for blood collection are used in tandem with micro-diagnostic devices for malaria and HIV monitoring. The market in MEA is increasingly adopting safety-engineered needles to ensure that the region’s growing financial and healthcare hubs meet global transparency and occupational safety standards. Key Players The needles market is a dynamic and competitive space, characterized by a diverse range of players vying for market share. These players are on the run for solidifying their presence through the adoption of strategic plans such as collaborations, mergers, acquisitions, and political support. The organizations are focusing on innovating their product line to serve the vast population in diverse regions. Some of the prominent players operating in the needles market include: Hamilton Company Medtronic PLC Becton Dickinson and Company B Braun Melsungen AG Stryker Corporation Ethicon, Inc. Boston Scientific Corporation Unimed SA Novo Nordisk A/S Terumo Corporation